Stefan VON METZ

Characteristics

Type	Value	Date	Place	Sources
name	Stefan VON METZ			[1]
title	Stefan, Comte de Chaumont and Graf von Bidgau			[1]

Events

Type	Date	Place	Sources
death	after 900		[1]
birth		Metz, Metzgau, Duchy of Ober-Lotharingen Find persons in this place

Parents

Adalhard VON METZ

Sources

1

Foundation for Medieveal Geneology, Upper Lotharinga, Nobility: Chapter 11: Graffen von Metz (Matfriede) Author: Charles Cawley Publication: Name: Medeival Lands; Location: Oak House, Vowchurch, Hereford, HR20RB, England; Date: 2001-2011;

Lotharingia was an entirely artificial political creation and its namean artificial composition. Emperor Lothaire I, son of the CarolingianEmperor Louis I "the Pious" became king of Lotharingia under thedivision of imperial territories agreed by the treaty of Verdun 11 Aug843. The newly created kingdom covered a wide strip of land whichstretched from the North Sea coast southwards to Italy, and includedpresent-day Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Germany west of theriver Rhine, the French provinces of Alsace, Lorraine, Burgundy andProvence, Switzerland and parts of northern Italy, as well as theimperial cities of Aachen, Pavia and Rome. The kingdom was dividedbetween the sons of Emperor Lothaire after he abdicated in 855, theterritory called Lotharingia then being restricted to present-dayBelgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Germany west of the Rhine, theFrench provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, and Switzerland. Lotharingiawas further divided between the East and West Frankish kingdoms in 870following the death without direct male heirs of Lothaire II King ofLotharingia[1]. The 870 treaty sets out an apparently exhaustive listof the administrative entities which were allocated to the brothersLudwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and Charles II "leChauve" King of the West Franks, cathedral towns, abbeys and counties.The boundary between the two parts was marked by the river Maas/Meuseand its tributary the Ourche in the south. This division proved to bea temporary arrangement, but it set the scene for conflict betweenFrance and Germany over Lotharingia which was to last many years.Lotharingia was in effect integrated into the East Frankish kingdom(Germany) after the death in 900 of Zwentibold, last independent kingof Lotharingia, but this was challenged by Charles III "le Simple"King of the West Franks. After the deposition of King Charles III in923, German influence in the territory of Lotharingia predominated.According to Thietmar of Merseburg, Heinrich I King of Germany securedthe release of King Charles from prison and in return was rewardedwith "the right hand of St Denis and the entire kingdom of theLotharingians"[2]. For the rest of the 10th century, the Lotharingianquestion was a source of bitter dispute with the French kings whoconstantly attempted to invade Lotharingia to reassert control. The duchies of Upper and Lower Lotharingia were created in 959 inresponse to local rebellions and in order to assert greater localcontrol from Germany. At the outset, it is more accurate to describethe new rulers as "associate" dukes who governed under the centralauthority of Bruno Duke of Lotharingia (brother of the German king andalso archbishop of Köln). In common with most administrativearrangements concerning Lotharingia, the division between the Upperand Lower duchies was artificial and poorly reflected natural,geographic, national and linguistic boundaries, although UpperLotharingia corresponded roughly to the ecclesiastical province ofTrier and Lower Lotharingia to the archbishopric of Köln. The development of the counties which made up the duchy of UpperLotharingia is best considered by first reviewing the Carolingian pagiwhich predated the formation of the kingdom of Lotharingia. These canbe divided between the ecclesiastical provinces of Trier, Metz, Verdunand Toul, all of which lay within the archiepiscopal province ofTrier: · In the diocesis of Trier, Longnon lists eight pagi duringearly Carolingian times[3]. The pagus Bedensis was the largest andincluded the city of Trier itself. North of Trier lay the pagusCarasco, which included the monastery of Prüm and formed theecclesiastical doyenné of Kilburg. In the territory west of Trier, inwhat is now northern France, south-eastern Belgium and the grand-duchyof Luxembourg, lay the pagus Evodiensis (around the town of Ivoy, nowcalled Carignan, in north-east France, near the present-day borderwith the Belgian province of Luxembourg) which corresponded with thedoyennés of Ivoy and Juvigny, the pagus Arrelensis (around the town ofArlon, the doyennés of Arlon and Longuyon), and the pagus Methingowe(later called pagus Mattensis, the doyennés of Mersch and Luxembourg,which Longnon suggests may formerly have been called the pagusRecensis). The pagus Saroensis (Sarahgawe) lay south of Trier, inwhat is now the German district of Saarland. North-east of Trier laythe pagus Maginensis (later Meginovelt or Meinfeld) and the pagusTrigorius centred on the town of Boppart, but these two pagi lay tothe east of the border of Lotharingia in the German province ofFranconia. · Six pagi made up the diocesis of Metz[4]. From east towest, these were the pagus Blesensis, which lay along the boundarywith the diocese of Trier, the pagus Nidensis, and the pagusMettensis, around the town of Metz itself. South of these, also fromeast to west, were the pagus Albensis, the pagus Rosalinsis, and thepagus Salinensis. · The diocese of Toul included eight pagi[5]. The pagusTullensis surrounded the town of Toul itself. The pagus Scarponensislay to the north of Toul, around the towns of Dieulouard andPont-à-Mousson, and to the west was situated the pagus Bedensis(different from the pagus of the same name in the diocesis of Trier).The pagus Barrensis lay further east around the town of Bar-le-Duc,and south of Bar-le-Duc around Ligny was the pagus Odornensis.South-east of Nancy, around the town of Neufchâteau, lay the pagusSolecensis, as well as the pagus Suentensis (later the county ofSaintois), and the pagus Calmontensis (Chaumont). · The diocese of Verdun, west of Metz, included only the pagusVirdunensis and the pagus Ornensis[6]. The counties in the Upper Lotharingian duchy lie in the south-eastcorner of Belgium, east of the river Ourthe, and in present-dayLuxembourg, in western Germany south of the Ripuarian counties (whichare located in the duchy of Lower Lotharingia), and in the area ofnorth-east France which later developed as the duchies of Lorraine andBar. Alsace is difficult to categorise. Originally part of the duchyof Swabia, under the 870 treaty which divided Lotharingia between theEast and West Frankish kingdoms "…in Elisatio comitatus II…" wereassigned to Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks[7].However, the two Alsatian counties (Sundgau and Nordgau) do not appearto have been considered part of the duchy of Upper Lotharingia. Toavoid confusion, the nobility of Alsace is set out in the separatedocument ALSACE which is grouped with SWABIA in the categorisation inMedieval Lands. Separate documents show the dukes of LORRAINE, thecounts and dukes of BAR, and the counts of LUXEMBOURG. Other countsare referred to in contemporary primary source documentation withoutreference to their geographical counties, so cannot be categorisedgeographically: these individuals are set out in the Lotharingianchapter of the document GERMAN EARLY NOBILITY. The present documentshows the remaining early medieval counties in Upper Lotharingia.These are all small counties, some of which were short-lived and whoseboundaries are difficult to define precisely. Assignment of counts tothese counties was in many cases of short duration, with many changesand exchanges of territories (including between the Lower and UpperLotharingian duchies) which renders satisfactory reconstruction of thecomital families extremely challenging. What is clear is that afinite group of local higher nobility enjoyed power in both Upper andLower Lotharingia and were linked by family relationships many ofwhich will never be identified precisely because of insufficientinformation in surviving primary sources. Onomastics is of some usein identifying possible connections, but the number of permutationsthrough both male and female lines is generally too numerous to renderprecise identification anything other than speculative. Thisdifficulty is increased because of the changes in comital assignmentswhich make it impossible to assess with any accuracy the extent towhich appointments were hereditary within the same families. Another important question is whether the counts in these minor UpperLotharingian counties were counts "of" the counties (implyingterritorial exclusivity) or counts "in" the counties (which couldinvolve some form of territorial division within each county). Inother words, the extent to which the "county" in early medieval timesrepresented a coherent administrative unit with recognisedjurisdictional and territorial boundaries. The conclusion that aparticular count "ruled" a particular county is based in many cases ona single phrase in a contemporary charter which asserts that aspecific property was located (for example) "in pago Bedensi incomitatu Otthonis", in accordance with the generally used formulation.However, this description does not guarantee that (in this case)Comte Otto ruled in all parts of "pagus Bedensis". In fact, thewording could equally be interpreted as indicating that hisjurisdiction was limited to the area surrounding his castle, whichhappened to include the property in question. In addition, many casescan be found where an individual count is recorded in charters in morethan one county at approximately the same time. Research into theearly pagi and counties in neighbouring Saxony and Franconia (see thedocuments GERMANY EARLY NOBILITY, SAXONY and FRANCONIA) suggests thatmore than one count ruled at the same time in the larger counties, thecounties of Grabfeld and Wormsgau being the obvious examples. Thissuggests that calling the local divisions "counties", as if theyconstituted fully functioning administrative units under a singlecentral authority, may misrepresent the situation. Unfortunatelythere is insufficient surviving primary source data to provide adefinitive answer to this question, but it is undoubtedly one whichdeserves further research. The Upper Lotharingian counties which evolved in south-east Belgiumand Luxembourg were Arlon, Woevre ("Wavrense comitatus II" in the 870treaty, assumed to be Matensis/Methingowe and Ivois) in which thecounties of Chiny and Longwy emerged in the early 11th century, andthe county of Luxembourg, which evolved from the western German countyof Bidgau ("Bedagowa" in the 870 treaty) which straddled both banks ofthe river Mosel and included the cathedral city of Trier and theabbeys of Echternach, Prüm and St Maximin. The other UpperLotharingian counties situated in western German counties wereBliesgau ("Blesitchowa" in the 870 treaty) in which the counties ofBliescastel and Hüneburg developed in the early 12th century, LowerSaargau ("Sarachowa subterior" in the 870 treaty) also called thecounty of Waldervinga or Rizzigau, which developed into the county ofSaarbrücken in the 12th century, Mayenfeld ("Megenensium" in the 870treaty), Niedgau ("Nitachowa" in the 870 treaty), and Upper Saargau("Sarachowa superior" in the 870 treaty). Much of the German land inUpper Lotharingia was gradually transferred to ecclesiasticaladministration, under the jurisdiction either of the archbishopric ofTrier or local monasteries. The largest part of Upper Lotharingia was located in what is nowFrench territory. The counties of Castres ("Castricium" in the 870treaty), Dormois ("Dulmense" in the 870 treaty) in which the county ofGrandpré emerged in the early 11th century, Mouzon ("Mosminse" in the870 treaty), and Woevre ("Wavrense") in which the counties of Chiny,Ivois (previously the pagus Evodiensis) and Longwy evolved, lay southof the present Belgian border, north and east of the French county ofChampagne. South of this area lay the counties of Verdun("Viridunense" in the 870 treaty) and Bar ("Barrense" in the 870treaty), the latter becoming a separate duchy in 1354 long after UpperLotharingia had ceased to exist as an entity. East of Verdun was thecity and county of Metz ("civitatem Mettis…et comitatu Moslensi" inthe 870 treaty). South of Metz lay the counties of Charpeigne("Scarponinse" in the 870 treaty) in which the abbey of Gorze waslocated, Chaumont ("Calmontis" in the 870 treaty) which included thetowns of Epinal, Nancy and Lunéville where the counties of Brixey,Mortagne and Sorcy developed in the 11th century, Saintois("Suentisium" in the 870 treaty) in which the county of Vaudémontdeveloped in the late 11th century, and Toul ("Tullense aliudOdornense" in the 870 treaty). The counties of Saulnois ("Seline" inthe 870 treaty) and Soulossois ("Solocense" in the 870 treaty) werelocated in the eastern part of the territory which later developedinto the duchy of Lorraine. In addition, there is the county ofOrnois ("Odornense" in the 870 treaty) for which several possiblelocations have been identified. No named counts have been identifiedin the other Upper Lotharingian counties of Albensis ("Albechowa" inthe 870 treaty), Bassigny ("Basiniacum" in the 870 treaty), Emaus("Emaus" in the 870 treaty), Perthes ("Portense" in the 870 treaty),Salins ("Scudingum" in the 870 treaty), Sermorens ("Salmoringum" inthe 870 treaty), and Varais ("Warasch" in the 870 treaty). By categorising the Lotharingian counties geographically, one shouldnot lose sight of the powerful authority of a handful of noblefamilies which acquired territories scattered throughout the wholearea of the ancient kingdom of Lotharingia and whose influence wasparamount in the development of the territory and on the widerinternational political scene in western Europe. Of particular noteare: the Matfried family which dominated the west German Ripuarian countiesin Lower Lotharingia from the 9th century and extended their influencesouthwards into Bidgau, Woevre, Bliesgau and Chaumont, and especiallythe county of Metz in Upper Lotharingia, and whose descendantseventually succeeded as dukes of Lorraine, the duchy which evolvedfrom the rump of the duchy of Upper Lotharingia. the Reginar family which extended their centre of activity from theMaasgau into the county of Hainaut, which were both located in theduchy of Lower Lotharingia, and whose descendants ruled the duchy ofBrabant which emerged in the late 12th century. the descendants of Wigerich [III] who ruled Bidgau in UpperLotharingia but extended their influence westwards to Ardenne andsouthwards to Verdun, and ruled as dukes in both Upper and LowerLotharingia, until the extinction of the two branches of the family inthe male line in 1033 and 1076. less well-known, and less long-lasting, was the power-base of Ansfrid[II], count of Hesbaie, Huy and Teisterbant in the latter part of the11th century, and whose paternal uncle held fifteen different countiesaccording to Thietmar, although both the uncle's precise identity andthe identity of his counties are uncertain. the family of the counts of Holland, which increased their power-baseby acquiring control over many of the counties in the former duchy ofFrisia. the descendants of Siegfried, whose original power-base was Bidgau butwho acquired Luxembourg and large areas in Ardenne, and who eventuallywere elevated to the imperial throne, and as a result of judiciousdynastic marriages extended their control to Bohemia in the early 14thcentury and Hungary in the late 14th century, until their extinctionin the senior male line in 1437. The other important factor in the development of the duchies of bothUpper and Lower Lotharingia was the gradual acquisition of temporalpower and territory by archbishoprics of Köln and Trier, and thebishoprics of Cambrai, Liège, Metz, Toul, Utrecht and Verdun. Thisresulted in the suppression of many previously autonomous and powerfulcounties (for example Verdun in Upper Lotharingia) and the splinteringof the territories of others (particularly those in Ripuarian westernGermany).

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Title	Familienstammbaum Engelken
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Id	46985
Upload date	2014-12-22 06:03:51.0
Submitter	Roger Engelken visit the user's profile page
email	rengelken@msn.com
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