Guillaume DE POITOU

Characteristics

Type Value Date Place Sources
name Guillaume DE POITOU
[1]
title Guillaume IV "Fier-à-Bras/Fera Brachia" Duke of Aquitaine, Guillaume

Events

Type Date Place Sources
death between 995 and 996
[1]
birth about 937
[1]
Ascension 963
[1]
marriage about 968
[1]

??spouses-and-children_en_US??

Marriage ??spouse_en_US??Children
about 968
Emma DE BLOIS

Notes for this person

Medieval Lands by Charles Cawley, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy 1. GUILLAUME de Poitou ([937]-Saint-Maixent [end 995/early996], bur Abbaye de Saint-Maixent[354]). The Chronicle of Adémar deChabannes names "Willelmum" as son of "Willelmo Capite stupæ" whenrecording that he succeeded his father[355]. "Ebulus…Lemovicensiumsedis episcopus" donated property including "alodum…meum Baidon" toSaint-Maixent "pro remedio animæ…fratris mei Guillelmi, sive proconsolatione nepotism mei equivoci Guillelmi Aquitanorum ducis" bycharter dated Jan [965/66][356]. He succeeded his father in 963 asGUILLAUME IV "Fier-à-Bras/Fera Brachia" Duke of Aquitaine, GUILLAUMEII Comte de Poitou, lay abbot of Saint-Hilaire-de-Poitiers."Guilelmus…Aquitanensium dux et cœnobii…Hylarii abbas" donatedproperty to "clericus…Rodgarius" by charter dated Mar 967[357]."Wilelmus…Aquitaniensium dux et cœnobii…Hylarii abbas" donatedproperty to "Mainardo", at the request of "patruus noster domnusEbolus, sancte Lemovicensis sedis episcopus atque…beati Hylariiarchiclavus", by charter dated Jan 969, subscribed by "Adraldovicecomes, Arbertus vicecomes, Kadeloni vicecomes…"[358]. At first apowerful duke, he led a dissolute life after the departure of hiswife, became increasingly ill and fell under the influence of Madelme,an Italian doctor, whom he rewarded with a vast estate nearFontenay[359]. Duke Guillaume became increasingly religious followingthe return of his wife in 988, and under her influence the couple madedonations to numerous religious establishments. "GuilelmusAquitaniencum dux" founded a hospital near Saint-Hilaire de Poitiersby charter dated Jan 989, subscribed by "Emma comitissa, Guillelmifilium eius, Guilelmi comitis Engolismæ…"[360]. It appears that areaction to these religious excesses set in, and the duke's wife lefthim once more together with their older son in 991[361]. DukeGuillaume abdicated in Jan 993 in favour of his son, and retired tothe Abbey of Saint-Cyprien de Poitiers, later transferring to theAbbey of Saint-Maixent where he became a monk on his deathbed[362]. m([968]) EMMA de Blois, daughter of THIBAUT I "le Tricheur" Comte deBlois & his wife Luitgard de Vermandois ([953]-1 Aug, 1004 or after).The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records the marriage of"Willelmum" (son of "Willelmo Capite stupæ") and "filiam TetbaldiCampenensis…Emmam"[363]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence names "filiamTetbaudi Campanensis…Emmam sive Emelinam" as the wife of "Willelmuduce…Caput Stupæ…filium eius Willelmum"[364]. She inherited propertynear Vernon in eastern Normandy from her mother which she gave to theAbbey of Bourgueil in Aquitaine[365]. Her dowry in 968 was Chinon."Vuillelmus dux Aquitanorum" donated property to Saint-Jean d'Angélyfor the soul of "…uxore mea Emma…" by charter dated [971][366]. Shefled Poitou between 976 and 988 because of the adulterous behaviour ofher husband[367]. "Ledgardis" donated property to "Sancti PetriCarnotensis ecclesiam", for the souls of "senioris mei…comitisTedbaldi…patris mei Heirberti, Trecassini comitis", with the consentof "archipresule…Hugone et…comite Odone, filiis meis", by charterdated 5 Feb 978, signed by "…Emma comitissa Pictavæ urbis…"[368]."Guilelmus Aquitaniencum dux" founded a hospital near Saint-Hilaire dePoitiers by charter dated Jan 989, subscribed by "Emma comitissa,Guillelmi filium eius, Guilelmi comitis Engolismæ…"[369]. "WillelmusAquitanorum comes et dux et uxor mea Hemma et filius noster equivocusWillelmus" donated property to Saint-Maixent by charter dated Dec992[370]. "Emme matris eius" subscribed the donation by "Willelmusdux Aquitanorum" of property to St Cyprien, Poitiers by charter dated[990/1004][371]. She confirmed her son's 27 Dec 1003 donation ofBretignolle to the Abbey of Bourgueil, but according to Richard shewas still alive when her first grandson was born in 1004[372]. Anecrology of Vendôme La Trinité records the death "Kal Aug" of "Emmacomitissa, Burgulii"[373]. Mistress (1): --- de Thouars, daughter of---. Richard recounts that Comte Guillaume IV had adulterousrelations with "une jeune femme de la famille vicomtale" when visitingthe vicomte de Thouars, which triggered his marital separation fromhis wife Emma de Blois[374]. The primary source which confirms thishas not yet been identified. Duke Guillaume IV & his wife had [fouror more] children: a) GUILLAUME d'Aquitaine ([969]-Maillezais 31 Jan 1030, burMaillezais, Abbaye de Saint-Pierre). The Chronicle of Adémar deChabannes names "Willelmum" as son of "Willelmum" (son of "WillelmoCapite stupæ") and his wife "filiam Tetbaldi Campenensis…Emmam"[375].He succeeded his father in 993 as GUILLAUME V "le Grand" Duke ofAquitaine, GUILLAUME III Comte de Poitou. b) EBLES d'Aquitaine (-[after 997]). "Willelmi comitis, Ebolifratris sui" subscribed the charter dated to [990/1029] under which"Aimericus" donated property "in vicaria Vicodoninse inloco…Armenteria" to St Cyprien, Poitiers[376]. c) other children . The charter dated [971] under which"Vuillelmus dux Aquitanorum" donated property to Saint-Jean d'Angélyfor the soul of "…uxore mea Emma…" also refers to "filiis ac filiabusex nobis procreatis"[377]. [354] Ademari Historiarum III.34, MGH SS IV, p. 131. [355] Adémar de Chabannes III, 30, p. 150. [356] Saint-Maixent Vol. I, XXXIII, p. 48. [357] Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers, XXXII, p. 36. [358] Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers, XXXVI, p. 40. [359] Richard (1903) Tome I, p. 160-1. [360] Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers, XLVII, p. 54. [361] Richard (1903) Tome I, p. 169-76. [362] Ademari Historiarum III.34, MGH SS IV, p. 131. [363] Adémar de Chabannes III, 30, p. 150. [364] Chronicon sancti Maxentii Pictavensis, Chroniques des Eglisesd'Anjou, p. 380. [365] Houts, E. van (ed. and trans.) (2000) The Normans in Europe(Manchester University Press), p. 183. [366] Saint-Jean d'Angély CXCII, p. 231. [367] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Contribution à l'histoire de l'attitude desroyaumes pirénéens dans la querelle des investitures: de l'origine deBerthe, reine d'Aragon et de Navarre', Estudios Genealógicos,Heráldicos y Nobiliarios, en honor de Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent(Hidalguía, Madrid, 1978), Vol. 2, p. 399. [368] Guérard, M. (ed.) (1840) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Père deChartres (Paris) ("Chartres Saint-Père") Tome I, Liber Tertius, Cap.VIII, p. 63. [369] Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers, XLVII, p. 54. [370] Saint-Maixent Vol. I, LXI, p. 77. [371] Poitiers Saint-Cyprien 17, p. 22. [372] Richard (1903) Tome II, p. 41. [373] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de la Trinité de Vendôme,Calendrier nécrologique du xiii siècle, p. 206. [374] Richard (1903) Tome I, p. 113, referring to "Appendice III"which does not appear to exist in the book. [375] Adémar de Chabannes III, 30, p. 150. [376] Poitiers Saint-Cyprien 406, p. 256. [377] Saint-Jean d'Angély CXCII, p. 231.

Sources

1 Foundation for Medieveal Geneology, Aquitaine, Dukes: Chapter 6: Dukes of Aquitaine, Comtes de Poitou
Author: Charles Cawley
Publication: Name: Medeival Lands; Location: Oak House, Vowchurch, Hereford, HR20RB, England; Date: 2001-2011;
  The first dukes of Aquitaine are recorded in primary sources in thelatter part of the 7th century, although it is unclear whether theirexistence is historically factual. From the early 8th century, we areon firmer ground, with the recording of the rebellion of Duke Eudesagainst Charles "Martel" in the Continuator of Fredegar, his deathbeing noted in [735]. His successor rulers in Aquitaine remainedrebellious during the succeeding decades, until their subjugation in768 by Pepin King of the Franks. The reconstruction of the family ofthese earliest dukes is based mainly on information contained in acharter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan845, together with nine supposed later confirmation documents, whichpurports to confirm the possessions of the monastery of Sainte-Marie,Alarcon[1]. The details in these documents which recite earlierdonations to the monastery are unusually detailed and atypical ofother contemporary Carolingian charters, strongly suggesting that theyare spurious. If this is correct, the date of the fabrication is notknown. Jaurgain states that the document collection was firstpublished in 1694[2]. He highlights that Comte Vandregisile, supposedfounder of Alarcon, is first mentioned in Juan Tamayo de Salazar´swork on Spanish saints, published in 1658, and reports a suggestionthat Tamayo was the fabricator of the whole series of Alarcondocuments, the object being to assert a descent of the Gramont andBeaumont families from the Merovingians[3]. Jaurgain´s own view isthat the documents were fabricated in France, in the mid-17th century,to claim a Merovingian descent for the Mauléon-Barousse and Aspremontd´Orthe families[4]. Some of the genealogical information in theAlarcon documents is corroborated by other primary sources, includingthe Annales Metenses and the Continuator of Fredegar. Other parts ofthe data are clearly incorrect, for example the statement that BoggisDuke of Aquitaine was the son of Charibert II King of the Franks inAquitaine, the younger half-brother of the Merovingian King DagobertI. There remains a large part of the information in the documentswhich is uncorroborated elsewhere and whose accuracy cannot be judgeddefinitively. Because of this uncertainty, it has been decided toshow most of the relationships within the family of the first dukeswithin square brackets. The information so bracketed should thereforebe treated with considerable caution. The kingdom of Aquitaine was first created by the Carolingians in 781,when the future Emperor Louis I was crowned king, when still a smallchild, by Pope Hadrian I in Rome. Under the Ordinatio Imperiipromulgated by Emperor Louis in 817[5], his son Pepin was installed asking of Aquitaine. The Ordinatio specifies that the kingdom consistedof "Aequitaniam et Wasconiam et markam Tolosanam totam, et…comitatosquatuor…in Septimania Carcassensem, et in Burgundia Augustudunensem etAvalensem et Nivernensem". Viewed from our current perspective, thismay seem a small prize compared with the extensive territories insouthern Germany which were awarded to the emperor's third son Louis,but it gives some idea of the strategic importance of south-westernFrance at the time, particularly as the gateway to the Iberianpeninsula. The kingdom of Aquitaine became one of the pawns in theseries of rebellions by the sons of Emperor Louis against theirfather, parts of the territory being transferred back and forthbetween Pepin and his younger half-brother Charles during the 830s.Aquitaine was awarded to Charles II "le Chauve" King of the WestFranks under the 843 Treaty of Verdun, which partitioned theCarolingian Frankish territories between the three surviving sons ofEmperor Louis, although this allocation was challenged by the son ofthe deceased brother Pepin, who was proclaimed Pepin II King ofAquitaine and was recognised as such by his uncle in 845. Pepin IIwas deposed by his subjects in 848, and Aquitaine reverted to KingCharles. Aquitaine was combined with the French crown from theaccession of Louis II "le Bègue" King of France in 877. The extent to which the Carolingian kings of Aquitaine may havedelegated governing power to appointed dukes during the 9th century isuncertain. A reference has been found to "Bego" being appointed dukeof Aquitaine in 843. In addition, Rainulf I Comte de Poitou isrecorded as duke of Aquitaine in 852, and his son Rainulf II as dukein 888. Although it is not clear that these appointments amounted toa continuous series of dukes, they suggest that delegation to ducalappointees may have been the practice of the Carolingian rulers.Thereafter, no reference to a duke of Aquitaine has been identified inthe primary sources so far consulted until 909, when Guillaume, son ofBernard "Plantevelue" Marquis of Gothia, is recorded as duke. The present document also sets out the comtes de Poitou, whose historyis closely linked to the later dukes of Aquitaine. Abbon was thefirst recorded appointee as such in 778, when Charles I King of theFranks granted him jurisdiction over the towns of Poitiers andAngoulême. Poitou passed to Comte Rainulf in [839/44]. Control overthe duchy of Aquitaine settled into the family of the comtes de Poitouin [959]. The combined duchy of Aquitaine/county of Poitou evolvedinto a major international power on the European political scene inthe 11th century. This is demonstrated particularly by the marriageof Agnès de Poitou, sister of Guillaume VII Duke of Aquitaine, toEmperor Heinrich III in 1043, which represented a major boost ofprestige for the duchy. Geographic proximity meant that Aquitainealso became the natural ally of the kings of Castile and Aragon intheir struggle against the Moors, as demonstrated by several marriagesinto the Spanish royal families during the latter part of the 11thcentury. The same family continued to govern the county/duchy untilthe marriage of Eléonore heiress of Aquitaine to Henri Comte d'Anjou,who later succeeded as Henry II King of England, after which theterritory was ruled by the English kings until the Hundred Years War. [1] RHGF VIII, pp. 470-4, and Llorente, J. A. (1807) NoticiasHistóricas de las tres provincias vascongadas Álava, Guipúzcoa yVizcaya (Madrid), Vol. III, 7, pp. 38-80. [2] Jaurgain, J. de (1898) La Vasconie, étude historique et critique,première partie (Pau), p. 71, citing Cardinal de Aguirre (1693-94)Collectio Conciliorum Hispaniæ (Rome), t. III, p. 131. [3] Jaurgain (1898), p. 81, citing Tamayo de Salazar, J. (1651-59)Anamnesis sive commemoration omnium sanctorum Hispanorum (Lyon), t. V,p. 392. [4] Jaurgain (1898), p. 84. [5] MGH LL Capitularia regum Francorum, p. 198.

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